Computer Organization & Logic Design (Final Mega Bank - 115 Questions)
Department of Cyber Security - Al-Mustaqbal University
Prepared by Student: Hussein Abdullah Rahman
Specialization: Cyber Security (First Stage)
University: Al-Mustaqbal University
Subject: Computer Organization & Logic Design
Specialization: Cyber Security (First Stage)
University: Al-Mustaqbal University
Subject: Computer Organization & Logic Design
Q1. What does hardware refer to?
A) Programs that run on a computer
B) Physical components of a computer
C) Data stored on a computer
D) Internet connectivity
E) User manuals
Q2. What is the base of the binary number system?
A) 8
B) 10
C) 2
D) 16
E) 5
Q3. What is the binary equivalent of decimal ( 4 )?
A) 100
B) 101
C) 110
D) 11
E) 010
Q4. What is De Morgan's Theorem applied to (A+B)'?
A) A . B
B) A + B
C) A' . B'
D) A' + B'
E) A ⊕ B
Q5. What does SOP stand for in Boolean algebra?
A) Sum of Products
B) System of Procedures
C) Solution of Problems
D) Sum of Powers
E) System of Programming
Q6. Software refers to:
A) Physical parts of a computer
B) Programs that control the computer
C) Data stored in RAM
D) Internet cables
E) Electrical circuits
Q7. What is the hexadecimal representation of binary 1111?
A) A
B) B
C) E
D) F
E) 10
Q8. Convert hexadecimal 16 to binary:
A) 00010110
B) 10101010
C) 11110000
D) 00110011
E) 01010101
Q9. What is the result of ( A . A' )?
A) A
B) A'
C) 0
D) 1
E) A+B
Q10. Which is an example of POS?
A) (A'+B)(A+C')
B) AB' + BC
C) A'B'C
D) A + B' + C
E) A.B.C
Q11. What is the main feature of a laptop?
A) High cost
B) Portability
C) Large size
D) No battery
E) Only works when plugged in
Q12. The octal equivalent of binary 1010 is:
A) 10
B) 12
C) 15
D) 17
E) 20
Q13. Which logic gate outputs "0" ONLY when all its inputs are "0"?
A) AND
B) OR
C) NOT
D) NOR
E) XNOR
Q14. What is the octal equivalent of binary 110110?
A) 66
B) 55
C) 33
D) 44
E) 77
Q15. To implement Y = A'B + AB', we need:
A) 2 AND, 1 OR
B) 1 AND, 1 OR
C) 2 OR, 1 AND
D) Only NAND gates
E) Only NOR gates
Q16. Which operating system was designed for personal computers?
A) iOS
B) Android
C) Windows
D) Symbian
E) BlackBerry OS
Q17. What is the result of binary addition: 101 + 011?
A) 1000
B) 1010
C) 1100
D) 1110
E) 1111
Q18. What is the symbolic representation of a NOT gate?
A) +
B) .
C) ⊕
D) ~ (or ')
E) ⊙
Q19. Convert hexadecimal 0E to decimal:
A) 14
B) 15
C) 16
D) 13
E) 12
Q20. The Boolean expression A'BC + AB'C' + ABC is in:
A) SOP form
B) POS form
C) Neither
D) Both
E) Canonical form only
Q21. What is the binary representation of decimal 25?
A) 11001
B) 10101
C) 10011
D) 11100
E) 11011
Q22. Which of the following is NOT hardware?
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Microsoft Excel
D) Monitor
E) Printer
Q23. The decimal equivalent of octal 15 is:
A) 10
B) 13
C) 15
D) 17
E) 21
Q24. What gate results from connecting a NAND's output to a NOT gate's input?
A) AND
B) OR
C) XOR
D) XNOR
E) NOR
Q25. What does (A + B)(A' + B) simplify to?
A) B
B) A
C) A+B
D) AB
E) B'
Q26. The expression (X+Y'+Z)(X'+Y+Z') is in:
A) POS form
B) SOP form
C) Neither
D) Both
E) Canonical form only
Q27. A program is a set of:
A) Hardware components
B) Electrical circuits
C) Instructions for the computer
D) Internet cables
E) User manuals
Q28. Convert hexadecimal (A) to decimal:
A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 15
E) 16
Q29. What is the output of an XNOR gate when inputs are A=1 and B=1?
A) 0
B) 1
C) A
D) B
E) Unknown
Q30. What is the result of A + A'?
A) 0
B) 1
C) A
D) A'
E) Depends on A
Q31. Which of the following is NOT a valid binary number?
A) 1010
B) 1112
C) 1101
D) 1000
E) 0011
Q32. What is the main advantage of a mainframe computer?
A) Low cost
B) Portability
C) High processing power and storage
D) Small size
E) Used only for gaming
Q33. What is binary 10101010 in hexadecimal?
A) AA
B) AB
C) AC
D) AD
E) AF
Q34. What is the result of the binary subtraction: 1101 - 1010?
A) 0010
B) 0001
C) 0111
D) 0011
E) 0101
Q35. What is the output of (A + B') when A=0 and B=1?
A) 0
B) 1
C) Depends on design
D) 2
E) -1
Q36. What is the Boolean expression for XOR gate?
A) A.B
B) A+B
C) A ⊕ B
D) A ⊙ B
E) ~(A+B)
Q37. Which computer is also called a "notebook"?
A) Mainframe
B) Supercomputer
C) Personal computer
D) Laptop
E) Network computer
Q38. What is the binary result of 1111 AND 1010?
A) 1010
B) 1111
C) 0000
D) 1101
E) 1000
Q39. The BCD equivalent of decimal 5 is:
A) 0101
B) 0110
C) 1000
D) 0011
E) 1010
Q40. Which binary operation follows this rule: 1 + 1 = 10?
A) Subtraction
B) Multiplication
C) Division
D) Addition
E) Complement
Q41. Binary 101111 equals octal:
A) 57
B) 45
C) 67
D) 73
E) 61
Q42. Which logic gate outputs "1" ONLY when all its inputs are "1"?
A) AND
B) OR
C) NOT
D) NAND
E) XOR
Q43. What does (A + B)(A + B') simplify to?
A) A
B) B
C) A+B
D) A.B
E) A'+B'
Q44. Which type of computer is considered very large and powerful in the given options?
A) Personal computer
B) Laptop
C) Mainframe
D) Smartphone
E) Tablet
Q45. What is the output of an XNOR gate when A=1 and B=0?
A) 0
B) 1
C) A
D) B
E) ~A
Q46. What is the output of a 3-input OR gate when the inputs are (0, 0, 1)?
A) 0
B) 1
C) Depends on design
D) 2
E) -1
Q47. Which of the following is NOT a binary arithmetic operation?
A) Addition
B) Subtraction
C) Encryption
D) Multiplication
E) Division
Q48. How is decimal 200 represented in binary?
A) 11000100
B) 11001000
C) 10101010
D) 11110000
E) 10000000
Q49. Which of the following is an example of hardware?
A) Microsoft Word
B) Windows OS
C) CPU
D) Google Chrome
E) PDF file
Q50. What is the Boolean expression for NOR gate?
A) A.B
B) ~(A.B)
C) A+B
D) ~(A+B)
E) A⊕B
Q51. What does BCD stand for?
A) Binary Code Data
B) Binary Coded Decimal
C) Basic Computer Design
D) Byte Coded Decimal
E) Binary Conversion Decimal
Q52. In BCD coding, how many bits are used to represent each decimal digit?
A) 2-bits
B) 3-bits
C) 4-bits
D) 8-bits
E) 16-bits
Q53. Which of the following is an invalid BCD code?
A) 0000
B) 0101
C) 1001
D) 1010
E) 0111
Q54. What is the decimal equivalent of the BCD number (1001 0101)?
A) 59
B) 85
C) 95
D) 96
E) 149
Q55. How is the Excess-3 code obtained from a BCD number?
A) By adding 0001
B) By subtracting 0011
C) By adding 0011 (decimal 3)
D) By multiplying by 3
E) By complementing the bits
Q56. What is the Excess-3 code for the decimal digit 5?
A) 0101
B) 0110
C) 0111
D) 1000
E) 1001
Q57. Which code is known as an unweighted code where only one bit changes at a time between successive numbers?
A) BCD Code
B) Excess-3 Code
C) Gray Code
D) ASCII Code
E) Octal Code
Q58. What is the 1's complement of the binary number 1011?
A) 1010
B) 0101
C) 0100
D) 1100
E) 0111
Q59. How do you find the 2's complement of a binary number?
A) Invert all bits only
B) Add 1 to the original number
C) Find 1's complement and add 1 to the LSB
D) Add 10 to the 1's complement
E) Subtract 1 from the LSB
Q60. What is the 2's complement of the binary number 0101?
A) 1010
B) 1011
C) 1100
D) 0110
E) 1111
Q61. A combinational circuit that selects one of many input signals and directs it to a single output is called a:
A) Decoder
B) Encoder
C) Multiplexer (MUX)
D) Demultiplexer
E) Flip-Flop
Q62. How many select lines are required for a 4x1 Multiplexer?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8
Q63. In an Octal-to-Binary Encoder, how many inputs and outputs are there?
A) 4 inputs, 2 outputs
B) 8 inputs, 3 outputs
C) 3 inputs, 8 outputs
D) 8 inputs, 4 outputs
E) 16 inputs, 4 outputs
Q64. In a 4x1 MUX, if the select lines are S1=1 and S0=0, which input is connected to the output?
A) I0
B) I1
C) I2
D) I3
E) None
Q65. What is the Gray code equivalent of the binary number 0010?
A) 0010
B) 0011
C) 0110
D) 1010
E) 0101
Q66. The binary number 1000 in Gray code is represented as:
A) 1000
B) 1001
C) 1010
D) 1100
E) 1111
Q67. What is the decimal value of the fractional binary number 1.1?
A) 1.1
B) 1.25
C) 1.5
D) 1.75
E) 2.0
Q68. What is the decimal value of the binary number 10.11?
A) 2.3
B) 2.5
C) 2.75
D) 3.25
E) 2.11
Q69. In a truth table for an Octal-to-Binary Encoder, the expression for the LSB output (Z) is:
A) D4+D5+D6+D7
B) D2+D3+D6+D7
C) D1+D3+D5+D7
D) D0+D2+D4+D6
E) D1+D2+D3+D4
Q70. In SOP (Sum of Products), the "minterms" are associated with which logic value?
A) 0
B) 1
C) X (Don't care)
D) Z (High impedance)
E) -1
Q71. In POS (Product of Sums), the "maxterms" are associated with which logic value?
A) 0
B) 1
C) X (Don't care)
D) Z (High impedance)
E) Both 0 and 1
Q72. Minterms are mainly used in which boolean representation?
A) POS
B) SOP
C) K-Map only
D) Truth Table only
E) None of the above
Q73. To convert binary to Gray code, which logic gate operation is used between consecutive bits?
A) AND
B) OR
C) NAND
D) XOR
E) XNOR
Q74. A 4-bit binary number can represent how many decimal digits?
A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16
E) 32
Q75. Which logic gate is known as the "Universal Gate"?
A) AND
B) OR
C) NOT
D) NAND (and NOR)
E) XOR
Q76. Convert decimal 15 to binary:
A) 1110
B) 1011
C) 1111
D) 1000
E) 0111
Q77. What does MSB stand for?
A) Most Significant Bit
B) Maximum Significant Bit
C) Minimum Symbolic Bit
D) Major System Bit
E) Most Standard Byte
Q78. What does LSB stand for?
A) Lower Standard Bit
B) Least Significant Bit
C) Little Significant Byte
D) Low System Bit
E) Last Symbolic Bit
Q79. The base (radix) of the Octal number system is:
A) 2
B) 10
C) 8
D) 16
E) 4
Q80. The base (radix) of the Hexadecimal number system is:
A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16
E) 32
Q81. What is the highest single digit used in the octal number system?
A) 8
B) 7
C) 9
D) F
E) 10
Q82. The hexadecimal letter 'C' is equal to what decimal number?
A) 12
B) 10
C) 11
D) 13
E) 14
Q83. What is the result of the binary addition: 11 + 11?
A) 101
B) 110
C) 111
D) 100
E) 1000
Q84. The Boolean expression A.B + A.C can be factored as:
A) A(B + C)
B) A + (B.C)
C) B(A + C)
D) C(A + B)
E) A.B.C
Q85. Which logic gate is logically equivalent to an inverted OR gate?
A) AND
B) NAND
C) XOR
D) NOR
E) XNOR
Q86. Which logic gate is logically equivalent to an inverted AND gate?
A) OR
B) NOR
C) NAND
D) XOR
E) NOT
Q87. What is the Excess-3 code for decimal 0?
A) 0000
B) 0011
C) 0100
D) 0001
E) 0110
Q88. Gray code is also known as:
A) Reflected binary code
B) BCD code
C) Error-correcting code
D) Alphanumeric code
E) Weighted code
Q89. What is the 1's complement of 0000?
A) 0000
B) 0001
C) 1000
D) 1111
E) 0111
Q90. What is the 2's complement of 0000?
A) 0000
B) 1111
C) 0001
D) 1000
E) 0110
Q91. How many output lines does a Multiplexer (MUX) have?
A) 2
B) 1
C) 4
D) Depends on inputs
E) 8
Q92. An 8x1 Multiplexer requires how many select lines?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8
Q93. How many input lines does a Demultiplexer (DEMUX) have?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) Depends on outputs
Q94. The function of an Encoder is to:
A) Convert an active input into a coded binary output
B) Route one input to many outputs
C) Store binary data
D) Perform binary addition
E) Decode binary to decimal
Q95. What is the result of the binary multiplication: 101 x 10 ?
A) 1110
B) 1010
C) 1000
D) 1100
E) 0101
Q96. What is the 1's complement of 10101?
A) 11111
B) 00000
C) 01010
D) 10110
E) 01011
Q97. What is the result of the binary subtraction: 100 - 001 ?
A) 010
B) 011
C) 101
D) 001
E) 111
Q98. What is the BCD representation for decimal 9?
A) 1001
B) 1111
C) 1010
D) 1000
E) 0110
Q99. How many bits are there in a standard Byte?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 16
Q100. How many bits are there in a Nibble?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
Q101. What does ASCII stand for?
A) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
B) Advanced Standard Code for Information Interface
C) American System Code for Internet Interchange
D) Algebraic Standard Code for Information Interchange
E) Automatic System Code for Information Integration
Q102. POS (Product of Sums) boolean expressions are formed using:
A) Minterms
B) Maxterms
C) Don't cares
D) Encoders
E) Latches
Q103. In boolean algebra, a Maxterm is typically designated by the letter:
A) M (Capital M)
B) m (Small m)
C) X
D) D
E) S
Q104. In boolean algebra, a Minterm is typically designated by the letter:
A) M (Capital M)
B) m (Small m)
C) X
D) P
E) T
Q105. In SOP, a variable with a bar over it (like A') represents the logic value:
A) 0
B) 1
C) Z
D) X
E) -1
Q106. In POS, a variable with a bar over it (like A') represents the logic value:
A) 0
B) 1
C) Z
D) X
E) -1
Q107. A truth table for 2 input variables will have how many rows?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 8
E) 16
Q108. A truth table for 3 input variables will have how many rows?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
E) 16
Q109. What does the Boolean rule A + 0 equal to?
A) A
B) 0
C) 1
D) A'
E) undefined
Q110. What does the Boolean rule A . 1 equal to?
A) 1
B) A
C) 0
D) A'
E) undefined
Q111. What does the Boolean rule A + 1 equal to?
A) A
B) 0
C) 1
D) A'
E) undefined
Q112. What does the Boolean rule A . 0 equal to?
A) A
B) 1
C) A'
D) 0
E) undefined
Q113. Which numbering system uses the letters A through F?
A) Binary
B) Octal
C) Hexadecimal
D) Decimal
E) BCD
Q114. Convert Binary 110 to Decimal:
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 12
Q115. Convert Octal 10 to Decimal:
A) 8
B) 10
C) 16
D) 12
E) 20
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